In
economics the people in the
labor force are the suppliers of labor. In 2005, the worldwide labor force was over 3 billion people.
Normally, the labor force consists of everyone of working age (typically above a certain age (around 14 to 16) and below retirement (around 65) who are
participating workers, that's people actively employed or seeking employment. People not counted include students, retired people, stay-at-home parents, people in prisons or similar institutions, as well as
discouraged workers who can't find work. In the
United States, the labor force is defined as people 16 years old or older who are
employed or looking for work.
Child labor laws in the United States forbid employing people under 18 in hazardous jobs.
The fraction of the labor force that's seeking work but can't find it determines the
unemployment rate.
Labor force participation rate
The labor force participation rate is the ratio between the labor force and the overall size of their
cohort (national population of the same age range). In the West during the latter half of the 20th century, the labor force participation rate increased significantly, largely due to the increasing number of women entering the workplace. In the United States, the labor force participation rate rose from approximately 59% in 1948 to 66% in 2005
(External Link
), with participation among women rising from 32% to 59%
(External Link
) and participation among men declining from 87% to 73%
(External Link
). Conversely, the labor force participation rate can decrease when the rate of growth of the population outweighs that of the employed and unemployed together. The labor force participation rate is a key component in long term
economic growth, almost as important as
productivity.
Pop = total population
LF = labour force = U + E
LFpop = labour force population
p = participation rate = LF / LFpop
E = number employed
e = rate of employment = E / LF
U = number of unemployed
u = rate of unemployment = U / LF
An increase in the unemployment rate can occur with an increase in total employment.
External results
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